![]() While the hydroxide ions are kept in solution by their hydrogen bonding with other water molecules, the hydrogen ions, consisting of naked protons, are immediately attracted to un-ionized water molecules, forming hydronium ions (H3O+). ![]() Hydrogen ions are spontaneously generated in pure water by the dissociation (ionization) of a small percentage of water molecules into equal numbers of hydrogen (H+) ions and hydroxide (OH–) ions. In both cases, the pH test measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a given solution. ![]() You might have even used some to test whether the water in a swimming pool is properly treated. Litmus or pH paper is filter paper that has been treated with a natural water-soluble dye so it can be used as a pH indicator, to test how much acid (acidity) or base (alkalinity) exists in a solution. The pH of a solution indicates its acidity or alkalinity. Define “buffers” and discuss the role they play in human biology.
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